Basics

The grammar is fairly simple but there are some complicated aspects of it, to summarize very very briefly; the order of sentences is subject verb object, adverbs and adjectives are generally after nouns or verbs, modifiers merge with a lot of things but most commonly with pronouns, nouns don’t need to have implicit agreement, some verbs have transitivity built into them and others will need it added on in certain contexts, and most of all the rules are not strictly followed, irregulars happen and so does weird but correct examples of grammar.

Sentence structure

As stated the basic structure is subject verb object, or SVO. This means that oftentimes a pronoun will be first then a verb and lastly a noun or pronoun. Where this gets complicated in non simple sentences and the distinction of subjective vs objective pronouns. In Si’irin there are subjective and objective pronouns, in a simple sentence its easy to follow as the subjective pronoun will be the subject and the objective pronoun will be the object. however, when you have a sentence with 3 or more uses of pronouns it gets complicated, now to make this work you need to keep in mind what the subject is and what the object is as both can be repeated ie. [in vut se’in anim in] or [fe na'i vut inos na’iri romul?]in both of these cases on form of a pronoun was used twice. adverbs and adjectives are generally put after a verb or noun, however there are a few major exceptions to this, firstly numbers [in lo’u sil valisas]. the second is gender, although gender is often only specified for animals and when referring to people simply use the correct pronoun [in feresil son anados]. in addition the definite article [dal] or “the” in English is put before nouns, there is no form of a indefinite article “a” in Si’irin, when refine to “an apple” you simply say apple or [pomira].

Modifiers

This is the big section on modifiers, they are not easy and second to pure memorization will take the most time to learn and understand. In the most basic way a modifier changed the meaning of a word in a basic way, and said modifiers come in three basic sets, firstly are the verbs, then are the tenses, lastly are the general. The verbs are a set of five modifiers, [sir],[pitu],[da’ik],[id],[vos] that modify mostly pronouns but also can be used for nouns, they add the verb onto said word, the most common examples of this is with pronouns and the conjugations for that can be found in the tables section, and when used on a noun it implies that the nous is doing the action [inir sukinir unos]. The second group of Modifiers in tenses, these are used to change the temporal state of a verb, they can be added onto the verbs modifiers in addition to all other verbs as well as some other select words. the tenses are [ul],[uli],[ula],[ak],[aki],[ar],[ara]. each of these marks when an action happens, they also can make if a an action has finished happening or its progressiveness. A verb with no modifier is assumed to be in the infinitive state or to simply have a one time use this most is common with [vut] you may want the thing now, but it doesn’t always need to be marked directly if it can be told from context. this set follows the general modifier table in the tables tab. The third and last group of modifiers are the general modifiers, these work on almost all words, they work to modify basic meaning and so can work for both verbs, noun, adverbs, and adjectives. These modifiers are [an],[as],[us],[a’av],[ili] and [et]. [et] is not used as often as its similar to [ili] but it has its place nouns. The rest of the five other general modifiers are quite simple in how they work, they can even be combined with other modifiers.

Sentence construction

When building a sentence, emphasis and modifiers are free floating and build apon each other. the most common examples of this are pluraity and negation, ie [in vut dal valisas] or [in vut Dalas valis] mean the same thing even thought the [as] particle changed position, this also works with negation, ie [in vutan na’ir mis] or [in vut nadir misan] mean the same thing, althought of corse poetry can make subtle use of this.

as modifiers can build apon each other, when you ahve the same modifier many times in a sentence it adds emphasis, as example [ata’an in vutan fo], where you use [na] twice to signigy they you really mean it.

Small sentence words

This covers how all of a whole bunch of smaller “sentence fixer” words work, at least in function to their grammar. now most of these small sentence words have larger forms and smaller forms, one version of the word is used for faster speaking but sometimes the longer form has its use.

Fi, this is used to make the word into a command, ie [fi mi’ina] means “eat!”, Fi also can add to word [la] to a noun if needed, example [fi nale’is] means “die!” or litteraly “do death”

Nil, this means inside or within, it often used for being inside structures

Sur, this means “on”, but more broadly, also used for at or at or locations, ie used almost everywhere but when [nil] should be used.

Si, this mean of, or being to, ie [mun si’ik pomira’as],

Fo, this can act like a pronoun at times, but is used to refer to a previous noun in the sentence or a previous noun in speaking as a short hand.

En, this means “to” can can be used to add transitivity to a verb or used in motion to decribe location change.

Atal, this means “then” often used for sequencing events, can also be translated to “next” or “after”.

Modifing words with il, La, Us

[Il], [La] and [Us], these ae fundmental words used for changing meaning in Si’irin. Each one changed the part of speak and function of a word. for starters, each word is either an discriptor, a verb or a noun. for each of these three they work to chnage what part of speach the word is. [Il] is used to turn words into nouns, if you have a verb or discriptor and you put [il] before it turns the next word into a noun, ie [lose’i]->[dal il lose’i], this changed the origional meaning of “white” as a color into “white” as a direct noun, such as “the white” could refer to a place or a name of something. Next is [La] this functions much like the others where its put before either a noun or a descriptor. it will chnage that word to mean a verb, this verb then can be modified like a normal verb with tense. as an example [salad] -> [in la salad], this changed “water” the noun into “i water” or the action, in the case watering plants or crops. now because you take a noun or descriptor directaly the verb is usualy the most commonly assoated action to do with that origional word. lastly is [Us] this is also used like the others where its put before a word and used to modify either a noun or verb, and it is used to turn these into descriptors. example [nakat] -> [tu’ir us nakat] from “bronze” the material into “it is bronze like” or meaning that is has the properties of bronze. The word that becomes the decriptor usualy signifies that is has all the properties but it may only have some properties, and this is based on context and understanding. as an example if you said “it is bronze like” you may just mean that its bronze colored and not guarenteed to be heavy and made of metal.

Moods Revised

In Si’irin, moods are seperate words from the verbs, there are 4 gramatical moods, the commandative and the 4 conditional moods

The indictive mood is the base form of all sentences, this expresses truth or facts. 

The commandative mood expresses that you are telling the listiner/listeners to do something. In Si’irin this is formed with the particle [fi] this directaly expresses a command example [fi mi’ina]-> “eat!”. for the singlural subject [na] you dont incude it however for group situatons you will include the appropeat pronoun. 

The first conditional mood is used for if then statments, things like “I would eat” “if I was tired” ect. because it involes two parts it uses two words. first if the “if” this is [fe] and next is the would/will this is [nu]. A simple example of this is “if I was hungry, i would eat” -> [fe in so’enil in nu mi’ina].

The second conditional is used for possabilities, as in “might” or “may”. the base form of this is [len] and can be modified with tenses as needed. “he may be cold” -> [sonid lenak sakun].

The third conditional is used for ability, this is the equavalint of “can” or “could” the base form is [su’as] and can thusly be modified by tense. “she could help”-> [se’i su’as mis].

The fourth conditional is used for suggestions, this is the equivelent to should. the base form is [ras] and can be modified by tense, it can be combined with the [fe] particle to make a conditional statment but it can also be used on its own. “she should eat” -> [se’i ras mi’ina’ak]